At-Risk Students :: essays papers

At-Risk Students Historical Overview Overall â€Å"student performance was lower in the early 1900s than it is today, quite possibly because schools felt much less pressure than they do today to achieve equity and excellence among students† (Rossi, 1994, p.4). While many of the challenges schools encountered during the early 20th century are the same challenges in present day schools, they were not addressed back then because they were not a priority. The focus on equity and excellence that has been developed since the turn of the century is worthy of praise (Rossi, 1994, p.4). Throughout much of U.S. history, the separate and unequal schooling of diverse groups has been reinforced. Ethnicity and class have been perhaps the most obvious basis for discrimination, but other student characteristics, such as gender and disability, have also been used to separate students and place them into appropriate courses regardless of their potential or interest (Rossi, 1994). Soon, reform movements, dating back to the 19th century, to provide all students with a common and equal education that cut across differences in class, ethnicity and religion became a focus. Diversity among students including differences in culture, language and socioeconomic stance is not a new trend. The difference, however, is that today, the school system realizes that all students, including those who differ in some way from the "average" student, or those â€Å"at-risk† must be provided with an equal, opportune education (Morris, 1991). Defining Students At-Risk Sometimes, determining when students are at risk can be a difficult task. The term â€Å"at-risk† has been used to describe a particular category of students who, on the basis of several risk factors, are unlikely to graduate from high school (Land, Stringfield, 2002). Yet educators are also confronted with children who have other at-risk conditions. For example, educators will be responsible for working with students who are at risk due to health problems, substance abuse, disabilities, socioeconomic status and other various reasons. These conditions can make students academically at-risk, or in danger of not meeting their educational potential. The use of the term â€Å"at-risk† to describe learners is often controversial and deserves consideration, as the at-risk label can convey a negative connotation. Causes of At-Risk Conditions Determining the cause of at risk conditions can be helpful and can contribute to the development of reform programs. First, school conditions might actually be creating at-risk conditions. â€Å" Inappropriate instruction, competitive learning environments, ability grouping and hostile classroom environments are just a few ways schools contribute to the problem† (Muller, 2001, p.

Altria Corporation

Altria Group is the mother company of Phillip Morris international (altria, 2007), company known for its dominance in the world of tobacco production. Altria, which means â€Å"tobacco† (Offen, 2006), became the official company name of Phillip Morris Companies since 2003. Today, this company is considered to be the largest tobacco firm in the world market. The company not only caters on the production of tobacco products but also the manufacturing of some food products like Jell-O, Kool-Aid and a lot more since they are part owner of Kraft Foods- ranked second in food production next to Nestle’.Current Situation of the Company By this year, Altria Group is currently ranked 71st in the Fortune Global 500. With a profit of about $12 million and a profit growth rate of 15. 2%, Altria is now playing a good position in the global market (cnnmoney. com, 2007). As compared to other tobacco producers in the market, Altria defeated British American Tobacco, Japan Tobacco and Al tadis. As most of the market analysts, most of the profit of the company is attributed to its international sales.The company sells more abroad than inside US. Based from the company’s quarterly report, on their fourth quarter period sales increased by 13% due to the purchase of Indonesia and Columbia. Last 2006, the total sales of Altria is around 35,000 units and continuously increasing (Burritt, 2006). Currently, some of the bulk of their profits comes from the increase of their tobacco product prices. It is their Marlboro brand that keeps their sales on a smooth track and still remains their â€Å"trade mark†.Marlboro becomes popular in the 1970’s that bring the company on its greatest height. Currently, Altria plans to concentrate solely on the production of tobacco. As of March 30, 2007, Kraft Foods already separated into different business entities, this makes Altria no longer have any interest in Kraft Foods. Impression with the World Wide Operation of A ltria Group Well, the company has indeed a lot of â€Å"right† to claim that they are the best tobacco company internationally.The company has its adequate resources to finance all of its undertaking here and abroad. It is a good thing that this company operates internationally because it supplies the ever increasing demand for tobacco products in other country. If it is not the help of Altria Group, there would be a shortage in the supply of tobacco products giving pressure to its prices to increase significantly harming the consumers since they will have to pay higher price tobacco products that what is socially right.As of now, the existence of Altria Group in the market is beneficial given the current situation of various agents in the market. But for sure, there would come a time wherein the dominance of Altria in the tobacco industry could harm other businesses. It is up to the government to keep track of the performance of the tobacco industry and impose appropriate po licies to equilibrate the market.

Does height matter in the NBA - 2351 Words

Introduction: For the people who dont know, the acronym NBA stands for National Basketball Association. NBAs mission is to be the most respected and successful sports league and sports marketing organization in the world. Basketball popularity has been increasing through out the years and many consider the sport as second most popular in the world. Like every sport basketball, has its share of myths and misconceptions. One of the most popular myths that surround this sport is the height factor. The general population tends to think that height is a key factor when playing this sport. This reports purpose is to clear up the misconception of the height factor that the general population has. Hypothesis: Basketball myths such as You†¦show more content†¦The formula Player Efficiency Rating (PER) sums up a players accomplishments (the statistical ones, anyway) for a season. The ratings are not intended to be the final word on how a player performs, but are designed to inform the debate. (http://www.alleyoop.com). The PER ratings will be taken for the top ten players from the last 3 seasons. This comparison is to show whether height is a factor to become a top-level player or not. There is also a player ranking to show which player fits what category. In this research method, the mean and the standard deviation of the heights and the PER ratings will be taken. The standard deviation of height shows if there is a wide range of variation in the data. If its small then it might indicate that height affects the game. If the range of data is large, then height does not affect it that much. NBA Draft: Picks VS Height: This method is done to find the answer to research question 3. Teams often see good players in college anywhere from 67 to 69 who play in the paint. However, teams are often leery of picking such a player because they are afraid that he will not be able to make the transition from college to the pros. They often label these types of players, tweeners. In other words, they feel that the player does not really have a set position in the pros. This leaves GMs in a bit of a quandary as to what to do.(nbadraft.net) In this research method, the mean and the standard deviation of the heights will beShow MoreRelatedDifferences between Amateur and Professional Basketball Essay658 Words   |  3 PagesCollegiate basketball tends to hold to different rules and regulations than the NBA, but the main facets of the game remains the same. The collegiate game, as opposed to the professional ranks, possesses stricter rules to which the universities, players, and coaches must adhere by. If these entities fail to follow the rules, they stand a good chance of facing harsh punishments. 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